Listopad jest miesiącem profilaktyki tzw. nowotworów męskich: raka prostaty i jąder. Rak prostaty jest drugim, zaraz po raku płuc, najczęściej zabijającym mężczyzn schorzeniem. Rak jąder, choć stosunkowo rzadki, nieleczony potrafi doprowadzić do śmierci w ciągu kilku miesięcy. Chociaż to właśnie nowotworów mężczyźni obawiają się najczęściej, świadomość dotycząca regularnych badań jest wciąż niewielka.
Liczba zachorowań na nowotwory prostaty i jąder wzrasta. Raka prostaty co roku diagnozuje się u około 11 tys. mężczyzn, a umiera z tego powodu 4–4,5 tys. z nich. W ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad liczba zachorowań na raka jąder wzrosła 20-krotnie. Jest to stosunkowo rzadki nowotwór (w Polsce stanowi około 1 proc. przypadków), ale bardzo szybko się rozwija. Wcześnie wykryty jest jednak uleczalny w 92 proc. przypadków. Dlatego lekarze podkreślają, że najważniejsze są regularne badania.
– Nowotwory jąder i prostaty to choroby, o których mężczyźni mają nikłe pojęcie, obawiają się tego tematu. To jest tabu, ponieważ dotyczy chorób intymnych. Tymczasem są to nowotwory, które można w bardzo łatwy sposób wyleczyć. Najważniejsze jest to, aby wykryć je wcześnie. Chcemy pokazać facetom, że regularne poddawanie się badaniom, to ich największa szansa, żeby żyć dalej w dobrym zdrowiu i bez inwazyjnego leczenia – mówi Jakub Kajdaniuk z Fundacji Kapitan Światełko.
– Jednym z większych problemów, jakie mamy z rakiem prostaty, jest to, że na wczesnych etapach najczęściej nie powoduje żadnych dolegliwości. Mężczyzna czuje się zdrowy. Bardzo często spotykam się w gabinecie z niedowierzaniem pacjentów, że rzeczywiście są chorzy. W przypadku tej choroby nie możemy czekać na objawy, bo one często po prostu nie występują – podkreśla w rozmowie z agencją Newseria Biznes dr n. med. Paweł Salwa, kierownik Oddziału Urologii w Szpitalu Medicover, ekspert urologii robotycznej, najbardziej doświadczony operator da Vinci w Polsce.
Rak prostaty jest drugim najczęściej występującym wśród mężczyzn nowotworem na świecie. Rocznie notuje się około 1,3 mln nowych zachorowań. Rak ten odpowiada za 20 proc. przypadków wszystkich nowotworów złośliwych. W Polsce co roku 16 tys. panów słyszy taką diagnozę, a ok. 5 tys. z nich umiera. Co istotne, śmiertelność z tego powodu w UE spadła w ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat, a w Polsce – znacząco wzrosła.
– W prostacie możemy mieć dwa rodzaje choroby: nowotworową złośliwą, która jest podstępna, śmiertelna i najczęściej nie daje objawów. Druga to łagodny rozrost, który jest uciążliwy, ale na niego się nie umiera. Dlatego tak ważne jest wczesne wykrywanie, które decyduje o tym, jakie mamy szanse na wyleczenie pacjenta – mówi dr Paweł Salwa.
W przypadku wykrycia raka prostaty na wczesnym etapie przeżywalność jest bardzo wysoka, ale drastycznie spada wraz z upływem czasu.
– Dopóki rak jest jeszcze w prostacie, mamy ogromną, mniej więcej 90-proc. szansę na całkowite wyleczenie pacjenta. Natomiast jeżeli ten moment przegapimy i dojdzie choćby do jednego przerzutu, to prawdopodobieństwo udanej terapii gwałtownie spada – do 40 proc. mniej więcej przy jednym przerzucie, a jeżeli mamy powyżej trzech–czterech przerzutów, to niestety uznaje się, że danego pacjenta wyleczyć już się nie da – mówi urolog.
Tymczasem pierwsze badanie diagnostyczne jest możliwe już na etapie laboratorium. Służy do tego określenie stężenia białka PSA we krwi. Zaleca się, aby mężczyźni po 50. roku życia wykonywali takie badanie co rok, a w przypadku obciążenia rodzinnego powinni zacząć już młodsi panowie, po 40. roku życia. Jeśli poziom PSA jest podwyższony, konieczna jest dalsza diagnostyka. Nie musi on od razu świadczyć o zmianach nowotworowych, a tylko o łagodnym przeroście prostaty. Z badań obrazowych ocenie prostaty służy m.in. USG transrektalne (TRUS), ale dostępne są coraz nowsze i bardziej nowoczesne metody diagnozowania.
– Złotym standardem i metodą, która aktualnie wydaje się najlepszą, jest najpierw rezonans magnetyczny prostaty, a potem biopsja fuzyjna, czyli pod kontrolą rezonansu z odpowiednim oprzyrządowaniem. To wszystko może się odbyć w sposób bardzo przyjazny dla pacjenta, niebolesny, bezpieczny, a zarazem skuteczny – wskazuje dr Paweł Salwa.
Z Narodowego Testu Zdrowia Polaków przeprowadzonego przez serwis Medonet w partnerstwie z Nationale-Nederlanden wynika jednak, że pacjenci niechętnie decydują się nawet na zupełnie nieinwazyjne badanie przesiewowe. Badaniu PSA poddało się zaledwie 37 proc. ankietowanych w wieku od 55 do 64 lat.
– Podejście mężczyzn w Polsce do badań profilaktycznych jest dosyć problematycznym tematem, dlatego że my jako mężczyźni generalnie mało dbamy o swoje zdrowie, a sfera urologiczna jest dodatkowo związana z tematem tabu – mówi kierownik Oddziału Urologii w Szpitalu Medicover.
Jednym ze sposobów leczenia nowotworu prostaty jest jego operacyjne usunięcie. W Polsce wciąż nie ma refundacji niektórych nowoczesnych metod leczenia, takich jak np. operacje w asyście robota da Vinci.
– Robot pozwala nam na niemal mikrochirurgiczne usunięcie chorych tkanek, a ta precyzja pozwala na zachowanie struktur, które potrzebne nam są w dalszym, normalnym życiu. Struktury anatomiczne, które odpowiadają za trzymanie moczu czy erekcję, to są często błonki grubości 1 milimetra – wskazuje ekspert.
Źródło: Newseria
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